Homosexuality And Its Effects On Humans Essay - 2380 Words

Over the years, substantial amounts of research has been conducted in finding the causes of homosexuality in humans. Throughout which, researchers aimed to find if sexual orientation was either controllable or uncontrollable. Many argue that it is in fact controllable and thus dependent on either being a learned trait, an individual’s choice or due to environmental conditions in which one is raised. On the other hand, others find it to be uncontrollable or innate and thus due to biological or genetic factors (Haider-Markel Joslyn, 2008). In the following essay I aim to critically evaluate the claim of whether homosexuality is in fact innate by examining the current research and data of both sides of the argument. In an attempt to understand the cause of homosexuality, researchers began by examining the anatomy of the brain, particularly in primate species. Slimp, Hart Goy (1976) established the role of the medial preoptic – anterior hypothalamus (MP-AH) by making radiofrequency lesions bilaterally on adult male rhesus monkeys. By doing so they observed that the males still possessed a sex drive (masturbation and yawning – a sexually dimorphic behaviour), but would refuse to have sex with females, possibly implying a change in sexual orientation. This led them to conclude that the MP-AH area is more specifically involved with sexual behaviour that is directed towards a partner. Further investigating of the hypothalamic region was conducted by Allen, Hines, Shryne Show MoreRelatedDoes Homosexuality Change the Brain or the Brain Results in Homosexuality?1039 Words   |  5 Pages Homosexuality is a product of biology because according to research, the hormones of the females are stronger. Dr. Hamer states that sexual orientation, male homosexuality is genetically influenced. This is passed down through their mothers to the hormone of their offspring. Sexual identity is wired into the genes, which discounts the concept that homosexuality and transgender sexuality are a choice. Since sexual differentiation occurs within the womb, as a result of hormonal influences, it hasRead MoreHomosexuality, Genetics or Preference? Essay800 Words   |  4 PagesLet us begin with a definition of homosexuality. Homosexuality refers to a sexual attraction and or behavior between people of the same sex. In origin the word homosexual comes from the Greek word for â€Å"same† with the Latin word for â€Å"sex†. In my opinion, homosexuality can be classified into two groups - one being sexual orientation and the other being sexual preference. Homosexuality as a sexua l orientation refers to an enduring pattern or disposition to experience sexual, affectional, or amorousRead MoreHomosexuality: A Natural or a Chosen Life923 Words   |  4 PagesHomosexuality, Natural or A Chosen Life? Today, America is still faced with segregation issues, only today it isn’t about the color of skin but about your sexual orientation. A private matter that is suppose to be between two individuals, whether they are heterosexually or homosexually married, has become an issue of society. When it comes to finding a job, getting married, and all the legal rights involved in a marriage, homosexual couples are criticized and in some states not allowed. If it isRead MoreGay Straight, And The Reason Why Essay1497 Words   |  6 Pagessocial forces driving these behaviors. In regards to homosexuality and bisexuals, some have argued that it may be a choice that these individuals are making.(Levay 2012: 41)Some have even said it is a mental disorder that one can recover from, but there is plenty of data that says otherwise.(Levay 2012: 41)(Levay 2012: 65) I believe diverse sexual orientations develop in humans due to sex hormones during fetal life, gene influences, and other effects such as birth order influences. I’ve come to thisRead MoreEssay on Homosexuality1702 Words   |  7 PagesHomosexuality For years scientists have been attempting to ascertain whether or not homosexual behavior can be linked to a biological catalyst. From Alfred Kinseys revolutionary survey in 1947 to the current media upheaval about a prospective gay gene, the desire to pinpoint a cause for the personalities and behaviors associated with homosexuality has reached new plateaux. The scientific community is constantly developing more and more evidence to suggest that there may well be a neurologicalRead MoreThe s Natural Law Theory1219 Words   |  5 Pagesthat we learned about this last seven weeks, I see that Christians are adapting to society s views by my fellow classmate’s discussions and posts. The specific challenges that I will discuss are: Birth control, cloning, genetic engineering, and homosexuality. Hopefully by the end of this paper I would have given you enough explanation to why I agree or disagree with these scientific enhancements that are occurring in the world today. In order t o get my point across I will discuss the challenges inRead MoreHomosexuality Is Not a Psychological Disorder Essay1003 Words   |  5 PagesHomosexuality is not a psychological disorder†¦ In the past, homosexuality was considered to be a psychological disorder, up until the APA removed it from its list of mental illnesses. This was due to the fact that homosexuality causes no form of impairment on the individual’s judgment, stability, reliability, or general social and or vocational abilities. This decision made over 30 years ago, has caused a lot of criticism, many believe that the APA’s decision was made due to the amount of influenceRead MoreWhy Are People Gay?967 Words   |  4 Pages Not just a century ago, there was an act that was considered heresy; homosexuality, a different side of sexuality found in all recesses of history. Humans are not the only ones with evidence of homosexuality in their species, it has long been debated whether it was formed from being genetically born that way or nurtured. The long found history has been only puzzling as the two sides of the spectrum in views, and only being publicly accepted in the 1940s. In Natasha Tracy’s article â€Å"Why AreRead MoreHuman Sexuality Paper1490 Words   |  6 Pagespreferences such as heterosexuality and homosexuality created? How does one person progress to either heterosexuality or homosexuality? Studies showed that there were genetic factors linked to influencing sexual orientation in males before they were born by increasing the female reproductive capacity in mothers during multiple births. (Iemmole, Ciani, 2008: 393) Though that doesn’t mean that there technically is a â€Å" gay gene† that has been discovered, just that several human genome studies has suggested promisingRead MoreSummary Of The Myth Of Homosexuality By Christine Downing851 Words   |  4 PagesIn â€Å"The Myth of Homosexuality† by Christine Downing, there is the discussion of homosexuality and its meaning over the years. Downing begins the article by stating how a myth has classified women-on-women and men-on-men relationships to fall under the same term of homosexuality, but there is much deeper understanding to it than that. The classification under one word has caused a lot of shaping concerning how they are viewed or how they view themselves. In order to look past the surface of what defines

Women s Rights During The 19th Century - 1411 Words

From the beginning of year 1832, William Lloyd Garrison, an abolitionists and a reporter Association organized an association against slavery and encouraged the full participation of women. Garrison s idea is not supported by most of the abolitionists. Those abolitionists who did not want women to participate in established another abolitionist organization. Abolitionism, also known as abolition of slavery, is a political movement in order to abolishing the slave trade and slavery system. This movement began in the Age of Enlightenment and went to the peak time in the 19th century. In many places, this movement was getting substantially success. A handful of women began to be famous as abolitionist writers and speakers such as Lydia Maria Child, Grimkà © sisters and Abby Kelley. Although these women s speech focused on the evils of slavery, the fact that these women speak in public itself was noteworthy and represented women s rights. Since women began to seek more control over their lives, women’s rights received more attention. Husband and father of one family still held the right to speak and even could arrange the lives of women. Society prohibited women from inheriting property, signing contracts, serving on a jury and voting in elections. Women s employers thought women could only expect to get some jobs in service industry and can only get the half of men’s income if they did the same work. In 1836, Ernestine Ross began to preach to women s groups something aboutShow MoreRelatedWomen s Rights During The 19th Century1507 Words   |  7 PagesWomen’s Rights In The 19th Century The 19th century was an important period for women especially in Europe and North America. It was a crucial time for demand for change and women were at the forefront of it all. Viewed only as a homemaker, women found it difficult during this time to show society what they were capable of. Limitations on their capabilities created by gender stereotypes called for change. To understand the significance of the 19th century for women, one must consider the conditionsRead MoreWomen s Rights During The 19th Century1606 Words   |  7 PagesIn the late nineteenth century, women were beginning to take a stand for their equal rights in society. The term â€Å"new woman† was used to describe these women, openly proclaiming their independence from men. It was a woman’s way to threaten the conventional ideas of society, and to bring about their own changes (Buzwell). Following their well-known suffrage movement, women claimed their freedom sexually, physically, and in the workpla ce. For many years’ prior, women were expected to be the typicalRead MoreThe During The 19th Century902 Words   |  4 PagesThe events in the 19th century had changed the lives of women and blacks completely. It was an age where the impact of the industrial revolution caused a sharp differentiation between the gender roles, especially of the upper and middle classes. In 19th century, appeared the events such as African American Civil Rights Movement, Civil War, and The Women’s Rights Movement had put women and blacks’ role to a new level. During the Civil War, women stepped out of their domestic domains to support theRead MoreWomen s Rights Movement And The Demand For Women Suffrage1650 Words   |  7 PagesThe woman s rights movement and the demand for woman suffrage emerged in the first half of the 19th century from a variety of other movements. A major goal of the woman s rights movement was to change public opinion regarding women s capacities and rights. Suffrage was one of several reforms intended to end the significant legal, political, religious, and cultural discriminations against nineteenth century women. Suffrage became the primary goal of the woman s rights movement during the 1850sRead MoreWomen s Rights For Women1465 Words   |  6 Pages Women’s rights in America in late 1800’s women’s right to vote women in medicine and the equal rights for women are the 3 main points that were big in the 1800’s. Women’s rights to vote women couldn’t vote back in the late 1800’s. Women had to stay home and take care of the children, cook and clean the house and when their husbands get home take care of them too. Although women had to do all those things they were not paid equal for the things they did. Women were told it is not job to vote thatRead MoreWomen s Struggle For Equal Rights860 Words   |  4 Pagespre-Revolutionary France and America, Women had no political rights and were forced to rely on men. The women were destined to live a life of a house wife, she was only seen competent enough in society to raise and educate kids and take care of her household. In both countries, the revolution increased the population’s attention to political matters and made liberty and equality very important to the people. Unfortunately, Women did not claim any rights during this time, but the women of the French RevolutionRead MoreWomen and Work in the 19th Century Essay9 20 Words   |  4 PagesDuring the 19th century, change was in the air. Industrialization, involving the movement of labor and resources away from agriculture and toward manufacturing and commercial industries, was in progress. As a result, thousands of women were moving from the domestic life to the industrial world. During the 19th century, the family economy was replaced by a new patriarchy which saw women moving from the small, safe world of family workshops or home-based businesses to larger scale sweatshops and factoriesRead MoreThe Fight For Women s Suffrage Movement1328 Words   |  6 PagesThe Fight For Women’s Suffrage The Women’s Suffrage Movement of the 1920’s worked to grant women the right to vote nationally, thereby allowing women more political equality. Due to many industrial and social changes during the early 19th century, many women were involved in social advocacy efforts, which eventually led them to advocate for their own right to vote and take part in government agencies. Women have been an integral part of society, working to help those in need, which then fueled aRead MoreThe Era Of Equality For Women1271 Words   |  6 PagesAnnie Zhou Mrs. Park English-11 22 April 2016 1920’s research— The Era of Equality for women The 1920s, known as â€Å"Roaring Twenties†, were an age of prosperity and changes, it’s one of the most special and colorful decade in the America history. Numerous exciting and unprecedented events happened during this decade, it was full of opportunity and remarkable people, the economic was blooming, new arts were formed and brand new ideas appeared, the national confliction emerged in large numbers, multipleRead MoreThe Beginning Of The Women s Suffrage Movement859 Words   |  4 Pagesof the women s suffrage movement in United States started in 1848. It gave women the right to vote. This movement when Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton called for a women s rights convention in Seneca Falls, New York. At the women s right convention in Seneca Falls, New York women demanded to have the equal right as men (education, property, voting, and etc). On August 18, 1920, after the long 72 year movement for women s rights 19th amendment was ratified. Originally the 19th Amendment

Reconstruction After Civil War Essay - 1503 Words

Reconstruction Reconstruction was a period of time between 1865 and 1877, which was very complex and controversial. It refers to the actual rebuilding of the south physically, economically and politically from the damage of the Civil War. It was an effort to rebuild southern states and also to restore the Union. During this time period, the federal government passed a series of laws, acts and amendments to bring change. Many of these amendments guaranteed the equal rights to African-Americans. Yet, the question was still that is reconstruction successful? The topic of reconstruction is still very debatable even today. Although there are more facts that would prove reconstruction to be very much successful, there is also evidence that†¦show more content†¦The thirteenth amendment has been ratified in 1865, which stated the abolition of slavery in United States; it was also the first reconstruction amendment. It followed by fourteenth amendment, prohibits states from denying due process of l aw and equal protection under law in 1868, and in 1870, the fifteenth amendment which guarantees the right to vote regardless of â€Å"race, color or previous conditions of servitude.† The Reconstruction ended when the Compromise of 1877 took place during the Presidential election of Rutherford Hayes, republican, verses Samuel Tilden, democrat. Tilden won the election but the democrats agreed to announce Hayes, the winner if he would remove the last U.S. military troops from South. Everyone knew that if the troops were removed from South then they would obviously return to their â€Å"Home Rule†, something that is much more like slavery. But still republicans agreed to the offer and that’s what led to the end of the reconstruction in 1877. Because there were no troops in south now, they started to follow their own rules and regulations, which also involved no pity for poor African-Americans. Economically, there were so many cruel and unjust treatments to poor. The wealthy white farmers and business owners found new ways to keep blacks and poor whites trapped in poverty and dependence which is much unkind than slavery.Show MoreRelatedThe Reconstruction After The Civil War977 Words   |  4 Pagesend to start something new. One such movement was the Reconstruction. Reconstruction was a time period between 1865 and 1877 following the Civil War, during which people of the United States worked to put the country back together again, introducing a new set of significant challenges. Though, like all things in life, it did come to an end, the resulting outcome had been labeled both a success and a failure. The Reconstruction after the Civil War consisted of failures as well as successes. DespiteRead MoreReconstruction after the Civil War900 Words   |  4 PagesAfter Reading John Hope Franklin’s  Reconstruction after the Civil War  I have a completely new outlook on reconstruction. Some may say that this book, regardless of its historical contribution on Reconstruction, which it tries to demolish William Dunning’s myth of white supremacy. It is also has a very serious attempt to be fair and objective about a very controversial period when race, politics and ideology played a very different role in Society. It is precisely in Franklin’s abilityRead MoreThe Reconstruction of America after the Civil War1078 Words   |  4 PagesThe Civil War left a country divided not only by property lines and borders but by beliefs as well. Not just religious beliefs, moral beliefs also. It left both sides, north and south struggling, trying to figure out what their next move towards reuniting the divided America was going to be. The period following the end of the Civil War would become known as the â€Å"Reconstruction Era.† An era that raised just as many questions as it did answers. A reconstruction of America that seems to carry on manyRead MoreEssay on Reconstruction After the Civil War934 Words   |  4 PagesThe period of Reconstruction began during the Civil War and ended in 1877. This era is known for the advancements made in favor of racial equality. These improvements included the fourteenth amendment (citizenship and equal protection under the law to blacks) and the fifteen th amendment (voting rights for blacks) of the Constitution. Yet, with the end of Reconstruction in 1877, the Republican Party lost control of the southern governments and the Democratic Party took over. This shift in power wasRead MoreReconstruction After the Civil War Essay665 Words   |  3 PagesReconstruction was the foremost goal for many after the civil war. Yet, various individuals and political parties held a plethora of contrasting beliefs concerning how to face this reconstruction task. In terms of the Reconstruction, two ideas permeated the political field: who would have the authority to enact these changes and in what ways would national unity be accomplished. It is obvious that throughout this time the power held within the federal government would be challenged by southern stateRead MoreThe Reconstruction Era after the Civil War558 Words   |  2 Pages The Reconstruction Era The Reconstruction Era was looked upon with much optimism, considering that abolitionists and African Americans believed that this process would make it possible for them to achieve their goals. The project was generally meant to assist the South in reintegrating in the Union and in assisting African Americans to become equal to white individuals in the U.S. The Freedmen were apparently one of the main missions that the Reconstruction was designed for and it actually seemedRead MoreAmerican Reconstruction after the Civil War Essay1228 Words   |  5 Pages Reconstruction was a period of time after the Civil War (1865-1877) that was supposed to be the rebuilding of America. It was also the process used to readmit all the Confederate states back into the Union. There was controversy, however, on how to go about rebuilding the nation. Abraham Lincoln proposed a lenient plan. After he was assassinated, Andrew Johnson proposed a very similar plan. The Radical Republicans, a group of legislators that were in favor of freedmen’s rights, were opposedRead MoreReconstruction Policy after the Civil War Essay1176 Words   |  5 PagesPost-civil war the torn nation juggles wide ranges of emotions as they attempt to piece together the shattered unity but didn’t know how to go about doing so. President Lincoln had great plans for the reconstruction but was killed before he could put them into action. He was murdered by John Booth at Ford Theater and passed the next morning. Lincoln’s Vice-president, Andrew Johnson, took ove r and became the new president. Johnson and Congress argued about how to go about the reconstruction and inRead MoreThe Problems of the Reconstruction after the Civil War Essay898 Words   |  4 PagesAfter the conclusion of America’s Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln pitched the idea of â€Å"Reconstruction,† which would bring the southern states back into the Union. President Lincoln, according to many radical Republicans, was too gentle on the south. The government was divided on how to solve the issue of readmitting the southern states back into the Union. In addition to that, the government was not certain on what rights to enumerate to the newly emancipated slaves. These issues became moreRead MoreThe Reconstruction Effort That Occurred After The Civil War1476 Words   |  6 Pages The Reconstruction effort that occurred after the Civil War from 1865 - 1866 had both positive and negative effects on the nation. Leading up to the Reconstruction attempt, there was developing regional differences between the North and South. Slavery was the issue of the decade. North argued that it was inhumane, while the South was quick to point out that many Northerners benefited from slavery. The Presidential election of Lincoln lead to the succession of the South. They believed that the United

Ideological Spark Of My Life - 1301 Words

Ideological spark of my life My name is Xingwang Cai. I come from China where the largest populations have. I am the one of 1.3 billion. So in the world I am very small. But I will show my justice in my life. Particular about loyalty to friends is my principle. In the high school, there was a day after class, my friend and I go to the basketball court. During the rest I saw the high grade students try to seize basketball court from low grade students. Now just one thing comes to my mind. I have to stop it. The violence should not happen in school. I can stop this campus violence. And I go to the man tell him if he do this again I will read him a lecture. My voice just faded off, he hit me with his fist. We were fighting but when I brought†¦show more content†¦But we should not like that in 30. There is no doubt that study is helpful in our life. So I begin to study. I look like change to another person. Like a caterpillar broken pupa into butterfly. I go to library study for TOEFL every day. In the libr ary my friend saw me like sight of the monster. He stared and says: â€Å"what’s wrong with you? You come to library play computer game?† â€Å"I am here for study†. This answer makes him amazing. I am through ideological awareness and take action to study hard. I have got my wish to go to the United States study. I am very worry about my English before coming to the United States. I was worried about how to communicate with foreigners. The thing is happened. My first time to the United States, American Airlines regret to advise a delay of 50 minutes on their flight to Chicago. Because the first flight delay of 50 minutes I missed the second flight. Then I have to stay at Chicago one night. The airport staff gives me a ticket worth 60 dollars, accommodation arranged at local bed and breakfasts named Super 8. And tell me the position where staffs of Super 8 wait. I need found there then they will take me to hotel. This position is not far, but this is my first time arrived at America s shores. I am going to find this place with a troubled heart. This position is easy to find. A car with Super 8 logo is coming after 15 minute. The driver gets out of the car. He looks like a Mexican maybe. And he let

Dangerous Woman by Ariana Grande free essay sample

On May 20, 2016, Ariana Grande dropped her hotly anticipated album, â€Å"Dangerous Woman.† While Grande’s first two albums show the pop star dreaming in a blissful trance about her bae, this latest album portrays an assertive woman who is independent and knows herself. The intro, â€Å"Moonlight,† with infusions of piano and violin, is really soft on your ears. Just the kind of song you’d want to hear on your wedding day. Next comes the title track. It’s sensuous, with smoky lyrics paired with a catchy, thumping rhythm. Many critics believe that â€Å"Dangerous Woman† is about change and self-assertion, and the song definitely has a feminist vibe. Grande premiered â€Å"Be Alright† along with â€Å"Dangerous Woman† on â€Å"Saturday Night Live.† It speaks of the hardships in a relationship and how the hard times are golden because they lead to better days. On â€Å"Into You,† Ariana uses her vocal cords like nobod y’s business. After her sophomore album, My Everything, got some critiques stating that she had not quite found the sound that she wants to go with yet. But in a world where Taylor Swift can go from country to pop princess, who needs one distinct sound to be successful in the music industry? This is evident as Grande dabbles in the world of reggae in fan-favorite ‘Side to Side (feat. Nicki Minaj)’ and then in Soul/RB on ‘Leave Me Lonely (feat. Macy Gray).’ Sultry songs such as ‘Leave Me Lonely (feat. Lil Wayne)’ and title track ‘Dangerous Woman’ give the album a feel that neither of her previous have had with a more mature, yet oddly soothing feel to both. Maybe that had something to do with Grande’s perfect delivery of the lyrics as well as the superb production applied to both tracks. And what artist would dare to release an album right before summer hits without some turn-up-the-radio, roll-down-the-windows-and-jam tunes? Grande delive rs these kinds of songs that you will hear blasting at the beach, on boats, and out of car windows with ease. I can already tell that I will be hearing ‘Greedy’, ‘Be Alright’, ‘Bad Decisions’, and second-single ‘Into You’ all summer long – and then some! But the most pleasing part of the album, especially to fans that have followed Grande over the course of her career, is the first track, ‘Moonlight.† The 1950’s doo-wop feel brings backs the vibes that Grande brought with her debut album, Yours Truly – a sound that fans have known her to love for years. The sounds of her beginnings continuing to show up alongside songs clearly showing Grande’s evolution as an artist are refreshing for a long-time fan such as myself. Not to mention the vocals on the tune are near flawless. Ariana Grande continues to prove that she is a force to be reckoned with in the young music industry. With her powerful vo cals and ability to deliver in multiple genres, this woman is clearly dangerous. All I have left to say is that the other young artists in the industry better watch out – Ariana is coming and she isn’t backing down anytime soon.

Global Marketing and Advertising Understanding Cultural Paradoxes

Question: Discuss about the Global Marketing and Advertising : Understanding Cultural Paradoxes. Answer: Introduction Walmart is a global retail corporation founded by Sam Walton in the United States in 1962. The company is a retailing behemoth having over 10,000 stores of different sizes spread all across the globe. It operates under different names like ASDA in UK and Best price in India. It sells goods manufactured by major companies as well as its own flagship products and brands. It sells everything from daily needs items like grocery, soaps, toiletries , clothes , footwear and also a whole range of electronic goods like TV, washing machines etc. In this report we are going to discuss its marketing plan for one of its newly launched furniture product, the LYNK double bunk beds for kids (Freng et al.2011). It is a novel product that is expected to be received well by the customers due to its appeal and utilities like saving space and serving as a source of entertainment for the kids. The product is going to be sold both in brick and mortar retail stores as well as online. Business situational analysis The external market environment for this product would be analysed with the help of the PESTEL tool as follows Political The proposed bunk bed would be made of moulded plastic and the government of UK is giving incentives to those furniture makers who use alternatives other than wood (Kumarand Rajan 2012.). The UK government is giving incentives to the retail industry as the consumer sentiments are high after a period of successive recessions in the last 6-7 years. It hopes that activities of the retail industry would be the first to revive the economy as disposable incomes of families have started to rise and it also generates employment Also the government of UK is sponsoring a skilling and development program and hence talented designers and carpenters would be available for expansion of the market (Morgan et al.2012). Economic After the Brexit referendum consumer sentiments are up and the UK economy is looking up once again. The Bank of England has announced a rate cut and hence the people of the country would have more disposable income to spend on furniture and home decor products The retailing industry is booming once again in the UK and the nation has added over 100000 new jobs in the past one or two years giving the people additional income to spend on niche products (Ashley et al.2011) Social As housing prices have soared people are buying smaller homes which mean less space for their kids and family members. Hence the prospect of a compact bunked bed for kids is a good and innovative idea in the furniture retail segment People having two or more kids can purchase this product as they would serve as a source of entertainment and play for preschool kids. Technology The product would be made of moulded plastic and hence completely safe for kids. There are no sharp edges and bed as a strong ladder and railings on the side to prevent kids from falling down. New innovation in plastics industry has made it possible for manufacturing this product at much less price than its wooden counterpart. Hence this product would be affordable by many households (Hollensen 2015). There is enough facility in the UK for the manufacture of this product and the company has set up a new furniture division to compete with other brands like IKEA. Environmental Though this product is made of moulded plastic and is non bio degradable it saves wood of trees and hence considered environment friendly. The government of UK is giving incentives to the furniture companies who adopt green technology and building materials. Legal Different health and safety concerns of the plastics raw material and processing has been adopted by the company to ensure that its complies with rules and regulations of UK The product has been tested for its strength and achieved the quality and safety standards of UK (Huang and Sarigll 2014) The micro environment would be now studied with the help of Porters five forces. Bargaining power of suppliers The company is planning to source the plastic material from local suppliers and since there are many such suppliers their bargaining power would be low The moulded plastic proposed for the product is readily available in the UK market and hence there would be no pressure from the supply side (Gordon 2012). Bargaining power of buyers The product is a new one as far as the material and technology is concerned. Most furniture makers who have similar products use wood which increases the cost and makes it heavy to move about. Hence in this regard the product has its own distinct advantages As the product is not made of wood, its price would be low and hence easily affordable by many customers. Thus the bargaining power of the customers is low Threat of substitutes Till now the product has no substitute in the market as most of the bunked beds of other furniture makers are made of wood and are more costly (Raj et al.2013). The design of the product has been patented by Walmart and hence existing companies cannot manufacture the same kind of product with the same material. As far as the quality and make of the product is concerned it has no other alternatives. Threat of new entrants The design and material of the product is such that new entrants couldnt easily replicate its technology and design. Its a two storey bunked bed for kids along with an attached study table. Great source of entertainment and comfort for kids. Saves a lot of space as it can be dismantled by just unlocking the plastic screws with a key (Leonidou et al.2013). The product would be sold both in online and offline mode for ease and convenience of shoppers. As the product is new it would be available for display and sale in the retail outlets of Walmart so that the customers can have a close look at the product before they decide to purchase it. Since the product is not made of wood its price is going to be much lower and hence easily affordable by the common middle class households. The product is also be priced such that customers would not think twice before making the decision to buy (Brei et al.2011) The company is planning to introduce the product in the year ending festive season of 2017 and would also give mattresses and bed linen free for a limited period of time The product would be up for display in the kids section of all major Walmart stores in UK. Product decisions Branding: The product would sell under the generic brand name of LYNK home furniture product. The concept of the brand would derive from the fairy tale style bunked beds found in childrens story books. The brand would also convey the message Save Trees as it is made of moulded plastic which can be moved about easily from one place to another in the house. The value of the brand lies in its easy portability due to its light weight and also it can be dismantled easily by unlocking the plastic screws at the joints (Rawls and Turnquist 2011). Product description: The product is a two storey bunked bed made of plastic along with an attached metal ladder and a study table. The idea of the study table is to make the children take an interest in school work while playing and sleeping in the Bunked bed. The product is easily collapsible by unlocking the plastic screws and bolts at the joints. The product would be packaged with attractive covers using themes from fairy tales The little Red Riding Hood (De Mooij 2013). The product would be painted in bright colours to be attractive to young children. Also contrary to wooden products which need maintenance like polishing and are also heavy this would be a new and novel idea in the furniture market. Positioning strategy: The product would be positioned on the lines of the fairy tale theme where children would sleep in cosy bunked beds giving them the idea as if they are living in a caravan. The advertisements would highlight the salient features like safety and portability as the key selling points of this product (Rosenbloom 2012). The bed linen that would be given free with the product would have comic characters like Mickey mouse as their print. Targeting market: The product would be targeted at pre school kids and would be designed and coloured appropriately to appeal to the senses of young children. The price would be such that it is affordable by the average middle class household of UK. Thus it can be seen that there is enough justification for marketing this product as it would be a instant hit among customers who have known and seen only wooden bunked beds. The product would use modern plastic technology to make it light and easy to assemble and dissemble. Its feature of portability would be additionally highlighted (Menegaki 2012). Product price The company would adopt a fair price pricing strategy since the product is targeted at middle class customers who usually have 2 or more kids in their household. The product would have to compete with already existing wooden bunked beds which cost higher. As a part of its promotion the company would be giving free mattresses and linen to attract customers and hence its price in the beginning would be higher (De Mooij 2013). The company is hoping to gain in the volume of sales achieved rather than sales value of individual units. However if the other competitors come up with a similar product then it has to alter the pricing strategy according to the needs and demands of the situation. Then the company might change into price skimming strategy to counter the effects of competitors pricing model. Since the product is new and no else has a similar product the company is hoping to get the maximum market share initially. The wooden bunk beds sellers might also try to bring down the price by using cheaper materials like plywood and hence the company has change its pricing strategy accordingly. Since the product is much cheaper than similar wooden products its demand would be more or less inelastic in this particular segment (Keller et al.2011). Hence if the company increases the price slightly due to high costs then there would not be much fall in demand. The prices would have to be adapted for variations in how the market receives the product. Also there could not be single price for different geographies. For example in countries where wooden products are freely available it has to lower the price even further and on the other hand where wood is expensive it can price it higher in its own segment as people would not mind paying a little higher for a good substitute product. Distribution strategy Since the product is envisioned and developed by Walmart right from the scratch it would adopt the zero level channel that is manufacturer to consumer. This is easy since the company itself is a retailer. There is no need for middle men and hence there is no need for other channels. The cost of this channel is least and hence the cost benefit could be passed on to customers in the form of competitive prices (Gertner 2011). Also there is no need for a delivery channel as the product is portable and light and could be easily taken away by the customers. The product would be sold in online channels of its own and also others like Amazon due to their popularity. This distribution strategy is suited as per the features and demand of the product as mentioned before. Integrated marketing communication The marketing communication mix would ideally be placed for customers to take notice of the unique selling points of the products. For this advertisements should be placed in childrens books and also lifestyle and home decor magazines so that both the children and their parents could be aware of the existence of the product. The product should also be placed in the toy section of all major Walmart stores to catch the attention of the public. First the parents could be made aware of the product by first giving free samples to play schools and office crches. In this way the parents would come to know about the utility of the product(Menegaki 2012). They could be made aware of the fact that the product is safe for kids and is also very light and portable unlike the wooden product that has long existed in the furniture market and stores. The product could also be marketed on the lines of electronic word of mouth publicity by giving advertisements on social media pages. Attractive graphic pictures of the product could be advertised in billboards outside nursery and kindergarten schools. Personal selling could also be used for handing down brochures and leaflets outside the gates of nursery schools and day care centres around the city. Personal selling could be used to give free demonstrations in homes of people living in the country. The message strategy used to convey the practicality of the product is to highlight its unique advantages over existing wooden bunk beds. Also to appeal to children the beds should be coloured brightly in multi colour patterns (Solomon 2014.). Also the company should choose women sales representatives for the purpose since they are better at communicating the childrens needs and requirements to their parents. The communication channel needs to be more personal than impersonal since it is a childrens product and the parents need to be convinced gradually about the benefits of the product over its wooden counterpart. Thus word of mouth an d social channels should be used as it would give a personal touch to the entire marketing communication process. Conclusion Thus this report has highlighted various aspects of marketing the Walmarts LYNK range of plastic moulded bunk beds. The ideas and proposals given for the marketing planning are cost effective and suited to the unique features of the product. To have a good product is a distinct advantage to the company as it stands out among a flood of mediocre and dull products in the market (Barrett and Weinstein 2015). Hence what remains is to market the product in an effective manner so that the goals of the company of turning it into a best selling product could be achieved and thus it could be used to place the company as a market leader in this segment. The products of the company sell automatically if it is marketed well and this has been proven to be true with many products of successful companies. References Freng Svendsen, M., Haugland, S.A., Grnhaug, K. and Hammervoll, T., 2011. Marketing strategy and customer involvement in product development.European Journal of Marketing,45(4), pp.513-530. Kumar, V. and Rajan, B., 2012. Social coupons as a marketing strategy: a multifaceted perspective.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,40(1), pp.120-136. Morgan, N.A., Katsikeas, C.S. and Vorhies, D.W., 2012. Export marketing strategy implementation, export marketing capabilities, and export venture performance.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,40(2), pp.271-289. Shankar, V., Carpenter, G.S. and Farley, J. eds., 2012.Handbook of marketing strategy. Edward Elgar Publishing. Ashley, C., Noble, S.M., Donthu, N. and Lemon, K.N., 2011. Why customers won't relate: Obstacles to relationship marketing engagement.Journal of Business Research,64(7), pp.749-756. Hollensen, S., 2015.Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Huang, R. and Sarigll, E., 2014. How brand awareness relates to market outcome, brand equity, and the marketing mix. InFashion Branding and Consumer Behaviors(pp. 113-132). Springer New York. Gordon, R., 2012. Re-thinking and re-tooling the social marketing mix.Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ),20(2), pp.122-126. Leonidou, C.N., Katsikeas, C.S. and Morgan, N.A., 2013. Greening the marketing mix: do firms do it and does it pay off?.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,41(2), pp.151-170. Armelini, G. and Villanueva, J., 2011. Adding social media to the marketing mix.IESE insight,9, pp.29-36. Raj, M.P.M., Sasikumar, J. and Sriram, S., 2013. A Study On Customers Brand Preference in Suvs and Muvs: Effect of Marketing Mix Variables.Researchers World,4(1), p.48. Singh, M., 2012. Marketing mix of 4Ps for competitive advantage.Journal of Business and Management,3(6), pp.40-45. Menegaki, A.N., 2012. A social marketing mix for renewable energy in Europe based on consumer stated preference surveys.Renewable Energy,39(1), pp.30-39. Rosenbloom, B., 2012.Marketing channels. Cengage Learning. Armelini, G. and Villanueva, J., 2011. Adding social media to the marketing mix.IESE insight,9, pp.29-36. Brei, V.A., d'Avila, L., Camargo, L.F. and Engels, J., 2011. The influence of adaptation and standardization of the marketing mix on performance: A meta-analysis.BAR-Brazilian Administration Review,8(3), pp.266-287. Barrett, H. and Weinstein, A., 2015. Corporate entrepreneurship, the marketing mix, and business performance. InProceedings of the 1997 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 144-150). Springer International Publishing. Solomon, M.R., 2014.Consumer behavior: Buying, having, and being(Vol. 10). Engelwood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Rawls, C.G. and Turnquist, M.A., 2011. Pre-positioning planning for emergency response with service quality constraints.OR spectrum,33(3), pp.481-498. Gertner, D., 2011. Unfolding and configuring two decades of research and publications on place marketing and place branding.Place Branding and Public Diplomacy,7(2), pp.91-106. Keller, K.L., Parameswaran, M.G. and Jacob, I., 2011.Strategic brand management: Building, measuring, and managing brand equity. Pearson Education India. De Mooij, M., 2013.Global marketing and advertising: Understanding cultural paradoxes. Sage Publications.