Effective Mentoring and Coaching Reflection Essay

Effective Mentoring and Coaching Reflection - Essay Example Integrity, honesty, and ethics are important in any coaching and mentoring process. Upholding these virtues help to create confidence, and trust between the mentors and the mentee and this promotes mutual relationships that allow the process to be successful. It allows the mentors to express their weakness as well as strengths without any coercion and this enables the mentoring process to fair on well. Many of the participants further expressed the need for the mentor to be of high integrity to help boost on the mentorship relationship. Many of the teachers indicated that passion was very crucial in the process of mentorship. Passion enables mentors to be committed in the entire process of mentoring and therefore, inculcates the same virtue to the mentee that will often associate this with the already developed qualities. However, a group of teachers was the idea that passion should be sparingly expressed while other seemed to think that it was imperative that the passion is totally expressed. To ensure effective mentoring, the passions of the mentors or coaches is salient and therefore, it is important that this is illustrated in the mentoring process in order to trigger positive change in behavior and stimulate or ensure full engagement and improvement in achievement.There was a conflicting opinion on the question on whether the mentor or coach is supposed to learn from the mentoring process. Mixed reactions were elicited with one teacher who held to the opinion that, a mentor.... Mixed reactions were elicited with one teacher who held to the opinion that, a mentor or a coach should learn from outside sources before mentoring others. This is a way to ensure that the learners are confident in the process. The mentor should also be well informed on what to mentor to ensure that the process is successful. The mentee expects the mentor to teach new things and therefore, the mentor needs to be abreast with facts. On the other hand, other teachers were of the contrary opinion and argued that, the open process of mentoring was the best approach because it allowed the mentor to learn from the process. This is because, there are different circumstances and situations and therefore, such situations help the mentor to gain more skills and knowledge. Furthermore, they contend that, research materials on mentorship was only a guide that mentors use and therefore they are just mere guidelines to direct the mentor on the best practices during mentorship. For development of a ppropriate mentorship skills, it is appropriate for understanding of the mentee and the environment in which the process of mentoring is taking place. Furthermore, the mentor should show commitment on any assigned role that many arise from the process. This facilitated acquisition of same characteristics in the mentored parties and promoted effectiveness of the mentoring and coaching process. A mentor is required to focus on problem solving and empowering other people by assigning duties. They were of the opinion that transformation needs to be adopted to ensure that skills are transferred appropriately. However, to achieve this, understanding of both reformation and transformational processes is

Multilateralism and Regionalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Multilateralism and Regionalism - Essay Example Most of these regional agreements remained within the concept of free trade areas and most of them were based on a multilateralization of bilateral agreements or unions. The mushrooming of initiatives gave birth too many treaties and institutions of economic integration which still exist, but never were a success, because regional areas were conceived as likelier sites for import-substituting industrialization than small national markets. Few of these regional groupings were successful in furthering freer trade or deeper economic integration between partners. In the developing world regional agreements were seen as a means of reducing dependence on economic ties with the capitalist core region. The theory of comparative advantage, certainly, argues that unobstructed exchange between countries will augment the total amount of world output if every country tends to focus in those goods that it can generate at a comparatively lower cost compared to possible trading partners. Every country then will trade several of those lower-cost goods with other nations for goods that can be formed elsewhere more economically than at home. In the end, with free trade amongst nations, all countries will discover that their consumption potential recline outside their domestic production potential. Comparative advantage and its expansions from a theoretical perspective have not resulted in any considerable weakening of the general strength of this body of theory nor of its consequence, a free trade system. The rationale for free trade is thus quite old. Building his case on the gains from trade to be had from specialization reflecting the division of labor, Smith had the essence of the argument right. But it was left to David Ricardo (building on James Mill) to clinch the case formally. Ricardo used a stripped-down model- only one factor of production with constant productivity of labor in two goods, but with relative productivity between the goods different across two countries-to show that both countries could gain from trade via specialization. The Ricardian analysis implied that this "technical possibility" of gaining from trade would be realized if a policy of free trade were adopted in an institutional setting where prices guided resource allocation. But the analytically satisfactory proofs of trade's benefits that we modern economists demand are the handiwork of theorists working in the twentieth century. David Ricardo armed advocate of free trade with the theorem of comparative advantage. His basic assumption was that every economic value was created by labor (the labor theory of value) and a belief that the three basic factors of production (land, labor, and capital) could not move across national boundaries. Ricardo and other economists, however, were interested in learning what law governs the distribution of national income among the factors production, and what the determinants of international trade patterns are. Heckscher - Ohlin approach The classical Ricardo assumed, literally or in effect, a single factor of production. Obviously, that assumption precluded considerations such as the consequences of varying input proportions and of changes in trade on the distribution

Literacy in India Essay Example for Free

Literacy in India Essay In today’s perspective, literacy does not mean about the writing and reading capabilities only. It has gained a broader meaning. It claims to guide people towards awareness and the change which is needed in order to achieve a better way of living. The National Literacy Mission was set up by Govt. of India on May 5th, 1988 with the aim to eradicate illiteracy from the country. The targeted group for the same was people belonging to the age group of 15 to 35 years. The literacy rate of India has been recorded 64. 84% (2001 census) against 52. 21% in 1991. It has been increased by more than 12% in a decade. Also, the literacy rate is supposed to be around 70-72% by the end of 2010 (As estimated by National Sample Survey). But the goal is yet to be achieved completely (i. e. to obtain 100% literacy). Right to education is one of the fundamental rights for the people. Education for all is the mission of UNESCO that has to be achieved by 2015. Currently, India falls below the threshold level of literacy rate i. e. 75%. The National Literacy Mission Authority has been working to achieve its goal since its establishment. NLMA (National Literacy Mission Authority) works under the ministry of Human Resource Development. The Govt. of India has launched several schemes to achieve the goals of NLM. The initial target for NLM was to focus on the people belonging to the age group of 15 to 25 years. There were 80 million people falling under this age group. It was a big challenge to address such a huge lot of people about literacy and its benefits. In a way, it was quite different from all technology based or economic missions. It was conceived as a social mission by all and that helped NLM to achieve the success. The other significant factor was the political will of leaders at different levels at that time. The politicians and bureaucrats understood the importance of this mission and it has gained a whole hearted success in several states viz. Kerala, Tamilnadu, Rajasthan, Manipur etc. The idea was to convince people about their active participation, mobilization of social forces. Soon it became a national consensus. Thanks to the advertisements, sensitization of local leaders and people’s participation. Given below are some of the pioneers of success for National Literacy Mission: Literacy campaigns have been launched in almost 600 districts of India. The sanctioned products are supposed to cover 150 millions of neo-literates. 125 million people have already been made literate under this mission. Female participation (60%) is better than the male participation (40%). No. of volunteers have been increased significantly to promote the programme and help the community. One of the biggest characteristic of literacy mission was to stimulate the entire community for putting the faith that learning literacy should become the integral part of their lives. The method of operation has been to build and develop on environment which is helpful to learn by the communities through their traditions culture.

Moral Frameworks of Terrorists

Moral Frameworks of Terrorists This paper discusses, with reference to two examples, whether terrorists can appeal to a consistent moral framework. Terrorism can be, and indeed, most usually is defined in the literature, as a strategy of violence that is designed to promote a desired outcome through instilling fear in the public at large. There are, however, disagreements amongst many academics, from political science, law and human rights analysts, as to the definition of terrorism that should be used in practice, as some academics argue that the motives that fuel some terrorists are politically valid. The definition of terrorism currently in use by the UN is, â€Å"any act†¦intended to cause death or serious bodily harm to civilians or non-combatants with the purpose of intimidating a population or compelling a government or an international organisation to do, or abstain from doing, any act.† (Annan, 2005). Regardless of the particular definition of terrorism that is employed, terrorist acts are generally defined through their violence, the psychological impact of the act, the political goal of the act and the fact that they are usually perpetrated against civilians, or non-combatants. Obviously, as a result of these factors, terrorism is regarded, everywhere, as unlawful and an illegitimate means of achieving the ends that are sought, but as the famous saying goes, â€Å"one man’s terrorism is another man’s freedom fighter†. Recent events have brought this to the fore, with the war in Afghanistan bringing back many memories for the United States government, who supported the Afghan Mujahideen as ‘freedom fighters’ during the United States war with the Soviet Union, but recently, the United States government branding breakaway Afghan groups as terrorists, and launching a war in Afghanistan to stop them in their terrorist acts. Nelson Mandela, ex-Preside nt of South Africa, and Nobel Laureate, was once branded a terrorist and was imprisoned for decades for his terrorist acts; a definition for terrorism, and the word terrorist thus seems to be flexible, depending on the political context and the aims that are trying to be achieved by the people supporting the country in which the terrorist is present. What is certain, however, is that the people committing the stated acts of terrorism wholly believe in what they are fighting to achieve, and, as such, construct some sort of moral framework to justify their actions and their beliefs. This paper is interested in how and why these frameworks are constructed and whether terrorists can ever appeal to a consistent moral framework for their actions. As Bandura (1990) argues, terrorists are able to morally disengage through many psychological routes, and, as such, it is a societal responsibility to ensure civilised conduct through social systems which uphold compassionate behaviour and which denounce, and renounce, cruelty in any form. As Bandura (1990) argues, moral standards do not function as fixed internal regulators of conduct, but rather, self-regulatory mechanisms do not engage until they are activated, and there are many ways in which these regulatory mechanisms can be disengaged, allowing the emergence of different types of conduct with the same moral standards. Bandura (1990) further argues that political diversity and the toleration of public expressions of scepticism create the conditions that allow the emergence of challenges to suspect moral appeals, such that if societies are to safeguard against the occurrence of terrorism, they must establish social safeguards against the misuse of institutional justificatory pow ers for ends which are exploitative and destructive. As such, Bandura (1990) seems to be arguing that it is the fault of the state, which has not ensured a proper, functioning, framework for the non-appearance of terrorism, which allows terrorism to grow, not that terrorists themselves are at fault. This type of argument does not require an appeal to moral consistency or moral frameworks on the part of the terrorist, but rather argues that terrorists are a product of a dysfunctional society, which is responsible for the appearance of terrorists. Further to this, Atram (2006) concludes that suicide terrorism cannot be explained by a single political root cause, such as the presence of foreign military forces or the absence of democracy, as other factors such as psychological motivations, or religious inspirations can also contribute to the desire to undertake terrorist acts. As Atram (2006) argues, any simplistic accounts of terrorism, why it happens and what leads people to become terrorists, are bound to failure as terrorists have underlying moral values and group dynamics which are complex themselves and also intertwined in a complex manner. Only when these root causes are fully understood by decision-makers will organisational and ideological solutions that could defuse the threat of terrorism be found (Atram, 2006). As such, as Atram (2006) argues, terrorists have a consistent moral framework within which they work, allowing them to unilaterally act, in concert, to achieve their ends. There have been many terrorist acts in recent history, including the Munich massacre in 1972, during the Olympic Games, bombing of flights including Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie, gas attacks in Tokyo, bombing campaigns in Ireland by the IRA, the 9/11 attacks on the United States and, following this, the Bali bombings, the London and Madrid bombings. Terrorism is a tactic that has been used for a long time to achieve political ends, but it has recently come to the fore through the massive loss of life in the 9/11 bombings, and the subsequent wars, as this was an attack against the currently most powerful nation on Earth, on home soil, killing thousands of innocents. Terrorism, as a political tool, has therefore come to be used almost as a daily term, in the media, by academics, in family homes, and, indeed, the populace is scared, perhaps by hyper coverage of terrorism in the media, perhaps by the attacks themselves, but, for whatever reason, the populace is scared, and so the ter rorists are winning, under the definitions of terrorism which have been discussed herein. The current paper will discuss two examples of terrorist groups in order to assess the moral framework to which they adhere, to assess whether this framework is consistent, and, if, indeed, it can ever be argued that terrorists can appeal to a consistent moral framework. Colombia has been involved in what is termed an ‘armed struggle’ for the past four decades, since the death of Gaitan in the 1960s, when the FARC and the ELN were founded, ironically, as a call to stop La Violencia which had begun following Gaitan’s death. At this time, these two guerrilla groups campaigned for peace, for free elections and for the return of a leftist government. The FARC and the ELN have, however, in recent decades, become embroiled in the drugs trade, gaining money through the drugs trade in order to fund their ‘war’ on the Colombian government, and their fight for peace in Colombia. In response to this, it is known that the current administration funded paramilitary groups to fight against the guerrillas[1], although the paramilitary groups have themselves become embroiled in the drugs trade and are known to have committed acts of terrorism against civilians and non-combatants, such that there is now a war between the guerrillas an d the paramilitaries. Thus, the situation in Colombia is extremely complex. FARC and ELN guerrillas began with the stated aim of returning Colombia to peace, through the instigation of free elections, seeking a solid political end to La Violencia. Their moral framework was just that: a moral framework through which they were seeking to return Colombia to some semblance of normality. However, as we have seen, and because it is so easy, in a country where it is so difficult to earn a living any other way, the guerrilla groups became embroiled in the drugs trade, and, as such, their moral framework for committing terrorist acts has changed, and indeed, the way in which they commit their terrorist acts has changed, with IRA terrorists training the guerrillas in bombing tactics, and these being used on Colombian military targets, unfortunately to great effect, with the concomitant loss of many lives. Thus, the Colombian case is extremely complex, with guerrilla groups starting out with mainly political aims, b ut with these same groups now largely fighting to retain control of their share of the drugs trade, causing armed combat between members of these guerrilla groups and government-backed paramilitaries whenever they come in to contact. Thus, the FARC and the ELN, although they started out as political terrorists are now seen as groups which use their skills to dominate the drugs trade, through the taking of national territory and the submission of hundreds of thousands of farmers in the regions in which they hold territory. The moral framework that these terrorist groups adhere to has, therefore, firstly, radically changed over the period of activity, and has taken a far less ‘helpful’ turn, in terms of terrorising a whole country and causing problems for Colombia in terms of international relations, economic development and human rights issues. The FARC and ELN, if they adhere to any framework at all, for their actions, certainly cannot argue that this framework is in any way moral and it certainly has not been consistent. As such, for these groups of terrorists, who literally hold a country to ransom, there can be no argument of a consistent moral framework that is in place, and there can be no argum ent for the existence of any consistent moral framework for the human rights abuses they cause and the economic and political havoc they create for Colombia. The next terrorist group we shall look at is the Sendero Luminoso (Shining Path) of Peru, which was formed as a political guerrilla group, in response to Peru’s military dictatorship, with the stated aim of achieving free elections within Peru and placing a communist party in control of Peru, through the Pensamiento Gonzalo ideology (named after the thinking of Guzman, the Shining Path’s leader). The Shining Path took to violent means as a way of achieving its stated aims, and, indeed, is known to be responsible for some of the worst massacres in Peruvian history, with Peru’s human rights record being atrocious, on account of the atrocities committed by the Shining Path. The Shining Path seized control of large areas of Peru, but their communist ideas were never popular with the Peruvian populace, and so their guerrilla war began to lose support and its base began to falter. The Shining Path support fell dramatically following Guzman’s capture in 1992, and the capture of his successor several years later, with its successor movement, Proseguir, having very few supporters and arguing mainly for the release of former Shining Path members. In terms of the moral framework of the Shining Path, their aims were very clear and political in scope, although the situation was complicated as Fujimori, the Peruvian Prime Minister at the time, branded anyone who spoke against the government a terrorist (see Burt, 2006). Even though the Shining Path were obviously terrorists who, it has been proven, were responsible for many civilian deaths, the Shining Path had a consistent moral framework to which they subscribed and which dictated their actions: the installation of communism within Peru. This framework was the reason for the establishment of the group, and was consistent across the time during which the Shining Path was active within Peru. Thus, in this guerrilla group, unlike in the guerrilla groups active in Colombia, the moral framework for the Shining Path’s actions was very clear and fixed, and consistent across the history of the Shining Path. We have therefore discussed two cases, of three guerrilla groups, two in Colombia, one in Peru, two of which (the FARC and the ELN) have evolved in their ideology and moral framework as they moved through time, and one of which (the Shining Path) had a consistent moral framework in place for their actions, which informed, supported and dictated their actions in terms of achieving their stated aims (i.e., the installation of communism within Peru). Thus, terrorists, and terrorist groups, as we have seen in the case of the FARC and ELN, can evolve and change, in terms of their aims and their objectives, and the means used to achieve these aims. As such, their moral frameworks also change and move with the new orientation. Under this analysis, it is implicit that terrorists have a moral conscience, that although this moral conscience allows them to commit acts that are considered terrorist acts by society, they do have a moral conscience, and one that can be called upon to support their objectives and their aims, and which can be used as a way of justifying any terrorist acts that they commit. As we have seen, as Atram (2006) concludes, the emergence of terrorism cannot be explained by a single political root cause, such as the presence of foreign military forces or the absence of democracy, as other factors such as psychological motivations, or religious inspirations can also contribute to the desire to undertake terrorist acts. As Atram (2006) argues, any simplistic accounts of terrorism, why it happens and what leads people to become terrorists, are bound to failure as terrorists have underlying moral values and group dynamics which are complex themselves and also intertwined in a complex manner. On ly when these root causes are fully understood by decision-makers will organisational and ideological solutions that could defuse the threat of terrorism be found (Atram, 2006). As such, as Atram (2006) argues, terrorists have a consistent moral framework within which they work, allowing them to unilaterally act, in concert, to achieve their ends. Thus, the FARC and the ELN, and the Shining Path, although, as we have seen, they have, and continue to, commit terrorist acts, they can call upon a moral framework for these acts, in terms of having justifiable reasons for their objectives and aims, and the way in which these objectives are achieved, such that these acts are perpetuated under what they consider to be a moral framework. That the rest of society does not see this framework as moral, under normal societal definitions of moral, is beyond them, beyond their understanding for, as Bandura (1990) argues, moral standards do not function as fixed internal regulators of conduct, but rather, self-regulatory mechanisms do not engage until they are activated, and there are many ways in which these regulatory mechanisms can be disengaged, allowing the emergence of different types of conduct with the same moral standards. This paper has discussed the issue of whether terrorists can appeal to a consistent moral framework. As we have seen, there are many definitions of terrorism in use in the literature, as there are disagreements as to the definition of terrorism[2], as some academics argue that the motives that fuel some terrorists are politically valid. Indeed, ‘terrorist’ and ‘terrorism’ seem to have been, and be, somewhat flexible terms, depending on the political affiliation of the terrorist/terrorist act; many people would call the acts committed by the Israeli’s against the Palestinians, for example, terrorist acts, but these seem to be supported by the United States government, as Israel is currently one of the highest recipients of United States foreign aid. Similarly, as we have seen, Nelson Mandela, ex-President of South Africa, and Nobel Laureate, was once branded a terrorist and was imprisoned for decades for his terrorist acts; a definition for terrorism, and the word terrorist thus seems to be flexible, depending on the political context and the aims that are trying to be achieved by the people supporting the country in which the terrorist is present. Although the word ‘terrorist’ and the term ‘terrorism’ are open to interpretation, by politicians, and under international law, as we have seen[3], terrorists do subscribe to what they consider to be a moral framework for their objectives, and to support their acts to achieve these objectives. As we have seen from the two examples used here, these moral frameworks can stay static throughout the history of the terrorist group (as with the Shining Path) or can change over time in response to external factors or political events (as with the FARC and the ELN). Thus, the issue of whether terrorists can appeal to a consistent moral framework, I will argue, is valid: indeed, although this framework may be seen as amoral by the rest of society, the terrorist defines their objectives as moral, under a moral framework, which for them is consistent in terms of leading to desired objectives. Whether this framework is consistent across time is a matter for discussion, f or, as we have seen, some terrorist groups find their objectives changing with shifting external circumstances, and, as such, their framework, whilst remaining internally morally consistent, in terms of the objectives, is not externally consistent over time. As Atram (2006) argues, terrorists have a consistent moral framework within which they work, allowing them to unilaterally act, in concert, to achieve their ends: it is this framework which allows them to function, as a unit, in order to achieve their aims and objectives. References Annan, K., 2005. Larger Freedom. Speech given to the United Nations at the Security Council Meeting on 17th March 2005. Atram, S., 2006. The moral logic and growth of suicide terrorism. The Washington Quarterly 29(2), pp.127-147. Bandura, A., 1990. Mechanisms of moral disengagement. In Reich, W. (ed.), Origins of terrorism: psychologies, ideologies, theologies, states of mind (pp.161-191). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Burt, J-M., 2006. Quien habla es terrorista: the political use of fear in Fujimori’s Peru. Latin American Research Review 41(3), pp.32-62. Saul, B., 2006. Two justifications for terrorism: a moral legal response. Foreign Policy in Focus, FPIF Policy Report. January 10th 2006. Available from http://www.fpif.org/pdf/papers/0601justifications.pdf Accessed on 30th April 2007. 1 Footnotes [1] As part of their efforts to secure, and retain, money from the United States, through their War on Drugs programme. [2] Although, as we have seen, the definition of terrorism currently in use by the UN is, â€Å"any act†¦intended to cause death or serious bodily harm to civilians or non-combatants with the purpose of intimidating a population or compelling a government or an international organisation to do, or abstain from doing, any act.† (Annan, 2005). This definition is also used by the International Criminal Court, and by most human rights lawyers who are involved in prosecuting terrorist acts. [3] with, as we have seen, for example, the war in Afghanistan bringing back many memories for the United States government, who supported the Afghan Mujahideen as ‘freedom fighters’ during the United States war with the Soviet Union, but recently, the United States government branding breakaway Afghan groups as terrorists, and launching a war in Afghanistan to stop them in their terrorist acts.

Project Management for Business Charity Race

Project Management for Business Charity Race 1. Introduction In this individual project management assignment, I have been appointed a project manager in charge of organizing and planning a project for StarHub company. StarHub company is going to have a fund raising event for a charity organization in Singapore by organizing a half marathon race of 13.1 miles distance (about 21 km). This is to raise money for the nursing home in Singapore and as well as to improve the health concern of their employees. Maintaining employee fitness for the job they do is one of the important functions of an occupational health services. A healthy employee and fund raising for nursing home will help to improve StarHub image to their customers and the employee health should be a matter of concern from the time before an employee starts work with the organization up until the employee leaves or retires. This event also open to public and will attract total of 2000 people to take part of this found raising event. 2. Project scope statement The purpose of the project scope statement is to document the project objectives, deliverables, and the work required to produce the deliverables so that it can be used to direct the project team’s work and a basis for future project decisions. 2.1 Project objective The objective must be clearly defined and agreed upon by the customer and the organization or contractor that will perform the project. To prepare StarHub employees for the half marathon run on June 22, 2014, starting on April 20th, 2014. To raise money by collecting either $200, $300 or $500 dollars in the choice of individual participant for the nursing home in order to help the elderly people a better living and a better care. Range goals: All participants must complete the training within 2 months and complete the actual run within 2 hour 30 minutes. 2.2 Deliverables It is Project management stage or final deliverable. It is to complete a process, phase or project must be delivered any unique, verifiable results or the ability to provide services. Running participants body mass index of 22. Running participants resting heart rate of 60. To complete the configuration of sports drinks. The completion of the number of people to plan and work. To complete the configuration registration. 2.3 Milestones Milestones are useful tools for setting schedule goals and monitoring progress, and project sponsors and senior managers often focus on major milestones when reviewing projects. Pass physical test Run 3 miles April 27, 2014 Run 6 miles May 11, 2014 Run 9 miles May 25, 2014 Finish practice half marathon under two and the half hours June 8, 2014 2.4 Technical requirements Technical requirements follow functional requirements. After clearly defining functional requirements for your event, you and your team can develop the related technical requirements to ensure proper performance. Check if you have your essential race items with you. Must have 7 hours of sleep and hydrate yourself. Running gear. Must not cause injury to participant. Must have the safety assistants to guard the participants in the run. The result will be released on the official website within 24 hours of the race cut-off time. 2.5 Limits and exclusions The limits and exclusions should be well defined. Failure can lead to false expectation and to expending resources and time on the wrong problem. Training limited to Friday and Saturday. Do not bring any valuable items that you do not need in the event. Arrive at least half an hour ahead of your flag-off time for warm up. All sports drinks only in accordance with the list on the list, there is no special drinks or alcohol drinks. Participants who are feeling unwell in either practice or the actual day in the event are not allow to participate in the run. 3. Establish project priorities Constrain A parameter is a fixed requirement. Enhance Optimizing a parameter over others. Accept Reducing (or not meeting) a parameter requirement. Based on the case facts, we can identify the above priority matrix. The above priority matrix states that the time is an enhance, performance should be constrain and cost should be accepted as it is. The priority matrix helps the project managers in the decision making at any stage of the project. The justification of the assignment of the above priority is given in below. It is clearly given in the case that the prime objective or goal of the project is raise as much money for the charity. A success of the event will be a proudest thing for the StarHub company as the event displays the image of the StarHub and the contribution to elderly people. So, it is very important to concentrate on the performance and design the event to attract more people to participate in the run and donation to the charity. So, in the priority matrix, performance is given the priority as it should be constrained. The preparation of the run should complete before the actual event starts. The project must meet the completion date, specifications and scope of the project. The actual run is starting after two months from April 2014. So, time is a enchaned means adding value to the project due to the unexpected situation. The last dimension for the decision making is the cost of the project. The cost of the project should be accepted whatever it comes as the benefits to the nursi ng home and the image of the company is much higher than the cost of the project. These benefits can only be achieved by high performance and more StarHub employees take part in this event and completion of the project on time. 4. Create the work Breakdown Structure A work breakdown structure (WBS) is a scope management document used to decompose project scope components into smaller, more manageable or work packages. The WBS helps identify the major deliverables of the project. In this work breakdown structure, there are seven major deliverables: Speaker Speakers are important to motivate and energize the group of participants in a run long journey. A good speaker will pause whilst the distraction exists and will motivate the runners and keep the atmosphere of the event more exciting. Venue Venue preparation is important in the run. First, identify what the project team require in terms of the venue, which will vary depending on the running event. The event is located outside, running routes around to find the best safety and range of facilities (toilets or water points for runners) in your local area. Sports Drinks Sports drinks is important in the event. In the form of a sports drink, it can help to maintain performance during a distance run. Gatorade sports drink is so nice that it can prevent dehydration in the run and the Vitamin water can keeps up runners metabolism and makes them have more energy to run a lot faster. Registration The registration process is important because without it you could be employing or providing a service to someone who does not meet your bespoke criteria. The registration will help to check the health of the participants and use the information to estimate how much money they can collect for charity and how many drinks they need to provide. Safety Safety planning is important in the run. It is to make sure the participants are fit enough to take part in the event and to guard their safety throughout the events by planting safety sign boards to alert them danger area. Value Value is important in this event, such an estimation of the total numbers of trash bags, dustbins and bag of ice in the event in order to prevent wastage of resources. Gift them a finisher t-shirts to congrats them after their run. Team Team is important to know their role in the event in order to run the event smoothly and safely. Leaders need to make sure that executive team members know what the leader expects from the team. Such as cleaner, to clean up the mess after the event ended, keep the area clean. 5. Estimation of project costs S/N Task/Work Packages Quantity Unit Cost Total Cost 1 PA speakers 6 $200 $1,200 2 Microphone 5 $50 $250 3 Queenstown Stadium 1 $1000 $1,000 4 East Coast park 1 $2000 $2,000 5 F1 Pit Building 1 $4000 $4,000 6 Gatorade 1000 $2 $2,000 7 100PLUS 2000 $0.50 $1,000 8 Vitamin Water 1500 $1 $1,500 9 B-Tag system 1 $1000 $1,000 10 Register applicants form 2000 $0.50 $1,000 11 Runner B-tag 2000 $2 $4,000 12 Safety signboard 5 $100 $500 13 Direction arrow 20 $20 $400 14 Water-points 6 $300 $1,800 15 Finisher t-shirt 2000 $10 $2,000 16 Shuttle bus 20 $100 $2,000 17 Trash bags and dustbins 30 $20 $600 18 Safety officers 10 $200 $2,000 19 Photographer 4 $150 $600 20 Cleaner 30 $70 $2,100 Grand Total $29,950 8.0 Project Risk Management Step1: Risk Identification There is a technology risk in the event. No technology can spec the health of runners and to check whether they are ready for the race or has being hydrated before the race. Technology could not check the number hours of sleep in each participants and could not force them to do warm up before the run. Participants has to be honest and take responsibility on their own health and safety. There is also management risk in the event because every runner have their own habit of running. It is hard to manage every runners to know how to alternate muscle tension and relaxation for maximum economy of movement. They run in an upright position, their eyes focused ahead; their shoulders are relaxed and their arms move parallel to the body to make breathing and leg motion easier in order to complete the run. Step 2: Risk Assessment Thus, we see that risk assessment can be broadly defined as the methodology that predicts the nominal likelihood of numerous unwanted events. Serious risk to people can run a gamut of mad-made and natural causes. Man-made causes include car accident on the event or heavy rain which affect the emotion of the runner and have to postpone to other day. This may affect the arrangement of the management team and participants. Step 3: Risk Response Development Every participants must take part in training session covers a distance that is greater the distance you will have to cover for the sport in the actual run. Over-distance training gives you confidence because you know you have the ability to cover more than the distance required. It puts the emphasis on the heart and lungs rather than the muscles, but if would also be beneficial if your effort came from large groupings of muscle rather than a few individual muscles. Providing it is undertaken at an easy pace, over-distance training carries a low risk of injury because participants will get use to the run and understand the important safety of the run such as warm up and hydrate yourself. 9.0 Project Performance measurement Evaluation Project progress and performance analysis based on ‘earned value’ concepts integrate cost and schedule on a structured and personalized basis. With earned value analysis there are three elements of data required to analysis performance, which are: Budgeted cost scheduled up to the time of measurement. Actual cost at the time of measurement. Corresponding earned value. The total earned value of the work completed at the time of measurement is then based on the budgeted value of all these completed segments of work, plus an estimate to allow for active work in progress. 10.0 Project closure Wrap-up Closure Checklist Project frame work Project Title A fund raising for charity organization Project Description StarHub company is going to have a fund raising event for a charity organization. This is to raise money for the nursing home in Singapore and as well as to improve the health concern of their employees. Maintaining employee fitness for the job they do is one of the important functions of an occupational health services. A healthy employee and fund raising for nursing home will help to improve StarHub image to their customers. This event also open to public and will attract total of 2000 people. Begin date: 20/04/2014 End Date: 22/06/2014 Project objective To prepare participants fit enough to run. To raise money for the nursing home. All participants must complete the actual run within 2 hour 30 minutes. Deliverables Running participants body mass index of 22. Running participants resting heart rate of 60. To complete the configuration of sports drinks. The completion of the number of people to plan and work .To complete the configuration registration. Milestones Pass physical test Run 3 miles April 27, 2014 Run 6 miles May 11, 2014 Run 9 miles May 25, 2014 Finish practice half marathon under two and the half hours June 8, 2014 Limits and exclusions Training limited to Friday and Saturday. Do not bring any valuable items. Arrive at least half an hour earlier. No special drinks or alcohol drinks. Participants not feeling well are not allow to participate in the run. Risk Identification No technology can spec the health of runners. Management risk in the event. Main Risk Heavy rain Bad weather Accidents Risk Response Development Every participants must take part in training session. Over-distance training Important safety of the run Hydrating on the run Cost Estimation $29,950 Total fund raising estimation $600,000 Important to take note Complete opportunity assessment Complete environment assessment These benefits can only be achieved by high performance and completion of the project on time.

Freedom for Women in The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gillman

Freedom for Women in The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gillman and The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin 'The Yellow Wallpaper' by Charlotte Perkins Gillman and 'The Story of an Hour' by Kate Chopin are two feminist works in which liberation is the overlying theme. Both of the main characters achieve freedom from their husbands' oppression in these short stories; however, freedom is only achieved through insanity in 'The Yellow Wallpaper' and death in 'The Story of an Hour.' The women in these stories are viewed as very powerful, as they do whatever it takes to free themselves from the oppressive holds of their husbands. Their strength proves these two short stories very influential works of feminism. Oppression is chief in the achievement of liberation in both short stories. Both of the narrators are oppressed by their husbands, and though they want to be happy, it is impossible due to the way they are treated by their spouses. In ?The Yellow Wallpaper,? John, the nameless narrator?s husband, confines his wife to a room with barred windows and hideous yellow wallpaper because she is ill. He does not allow her to exert herself physically or mentally, prevents her from seeing her friends and family and keeps her under intense scrutiny. While isolated in this room, she begins to go mad, believing that the wallpaper is somehow watching her, and eventually she believes she is a prisoner inside it. The narrator proves that her husband is oppressive when she reveals how afraid she is of him. She says, ?There comes John, and I must put this away?he hates to have me write a word? (Gillman 41). Likewise, in Kate Chopin?s ?The Story of an Hour? it is perceived that the main character Louise Mallard is oppre... ...reedom proves to be the overlying theme in ?The Story of an Hour? and death is the way in which freedom is achieved in the short story. ?The Yellow Wallpaper? and ?The Story of an Hour? are two feminist works that highlight the importance of freedom for women in the oppressive world of men. Freedom is not achieved normally in either of the short stories, but is gained through insanity and death. These two stories prove that women?s liberation is an extremely important issue, and the means by which these women gained their freedom is remarkable. Works Cited Chopin, Kate. The Story of an Hour. (1894). 31 Apr. 2003. http://www.4literature.net/Kate_Chopin/Story_of_an_Hour/> Gillman, Charlotte Perkins. ?The Yellow Wallpaper.? The Yellow Wallpaper and Selected Stories of Charlotte Perkins Gillman. Newark: University of Delaware Press, 1994. PID 0230

Graduation Speech -- Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

I'm sure everyone here has seen a picture of a mother duck leading her ducklings. Imagine the mother duck taking her ducklings up some stairs. The mother duck easily climbs the first stair and waits for the other little ducks to climb up. The first duckling stretches its wings as high up in the air as it can and stands on the tips of its little webbed feet. With a little help from its beak it manages to barely make the first step. Sometimes it requires a little help from mama duck to boost itself up. Despite the cute and rather funny part of this picture, it is possible to learn a lot from the ducks. The two ideas we can gain from them are leadership and following. In life each one of us is a leader and a follower at some point. Leadership is of key importance to the Christian, and also simply to every person. It is easy to imagine the kind of world that would ensue as a result of no leadership. There would be utter chaos and nothing positive would get done. Often we think of leaders as people with great authority such as the President of the United States, bosses of major corporations, and in the case of school, the principal and teachers. But the fact that does not readily present itself to us is that each one of us in some way or another is a leader. Everyone leads at some point in their life whether they realize it or not. Younger generations always look up to and follow older generations. Although they may not admit it, I am sure the underclassmen at our school have followed the lead and example of the Class of 2006. This is an awesome task to undertake: that of leadership. It is important to constantly remind yourself that someone is watching and following your lead. Paul wrote in 1 Corinthians 11:1, "Follow my examp... ...e tool in dealing with the problems that life throws our way. As a follower we must choose wisely who we associate with. A close group of friends can provide many things that help us along life's path in the Christian walk. Good Friends can provide support through tough times, accountability, and good fellowship. Leadership and following are not generally thought of as interconnected, though each one of us is both a leader and a follower. As a leader we must be a good example and a servant. As a follower we must choose wisely who to look up to and associate with and ultimately we must follow the perfect lead of Jesus Christ. I encourage everyone here, and especially the graduating class of 2006, to remember you are a leader, leading others to know Christ and His perfect plan for them, and a follower, learning to follow Christ and His perfect plan for ourselves.